ex situ conservation methods

Ex Situ Conservation Methods Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Ex-situ (‘off site’) conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat. Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment and scientific management of biodiversity so as to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation. It is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside in-situ conservation. zoo, aquarium, botanical garden etc. However, when there are situations where an animal or plant is endangered or threatened and needs urgent measures to save it from extinction, ex-situ (off-site) … The shifting or Jhum cultivation by poor tribal people greatly affects the forest structure which is a store house of biodiversity. Biodiversity encompasses variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that play a great role in human existence. 3.5 / 5 based on 10 ratings? As per available data, the varieties of species living on the earth are 1753739. For example, the landscapes like grass lands, deserts, mountains etc. It describes diversity of habitat over a total land escape or geographical area. The ecosystem diversity is due to diversity of niches, trophic levels and ecological processes like nutrient cycling, food webs, energy flow, role of dominant species and various related biotic interactions. Wild life Institute of India has divided it into ten biogeographical regions and twenty five biotic provinces. (16) Environmental laws should be strictly followed. (b) To preserve the diversity of species. A number of plants” and ani­mal species have already become extinct and many are endan­gered. Let us discuss the different conservation methods along with their importance. There are 16 hot spots in world, out of which two are located in India namely North-East Himalayas and Western Ghats. As per World Conservation Monitoring Centre, India has 581 protected areas, national parks and sanctuaries. There are about 89 national parks in India. According to Whittaker (1965), the community diversities are of three types: It tells the species diversity in a given community. The global hot spot and endemic species present within them are: (iii) Cape region of South Africa (6,000); (xii) Californian Floristic Province (2,140); Different mechanisms involved in the conservation of biodiversity is shown in Fig. Some importance of biosphere reserves are as follows: (a) These help in the restoration of degraded ecosystem. biodiversity conservation method mainly insitu and exsitu conservation methods .several insitu conservation methods are used to conserve several endangered organisms.the slide for excellent view use power point 2013 version. (iv) It provides new varieties of rice, potato etc. Similarly botanical and zoological gardens are the means of biodiversity conservation and are of aesthetic values. The area of national parks ranges between 0.04 to 3162 km. Protected areas include national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves. Seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants can be kept for … Here, animals and plants are reared or cultivated in areas like zoological or botanical parks. (d) These support education and research in various ecological aspects. It is referred as Land escape diversity because it includes placement and size of various ecosystems. Since the human beings are enjoying all the benefits from biodiversity, they should take proper care for the preservation of biodiversity in all its form and good health for the future generation i.e., the human being should prevent the degradation and destruction of the habitats thereby maintaining the biodiversity at its optimum level. Reintroduction of an animal or plant into the habitat from where it has become extinct is another form of ex situ conservation. Also Read: Vegetative Propagation. Ex-situ biodiversity conservation aims to reduce the ongoing extinction up to 30% or higher by … through the process of hybridization. The factors which are detrimental to the existence of species concerned are eliminated by suitable mechanism. The boundaries are well demarcated and circumscribed. Definition: Ex-Situ means literally, "off-site conservation“ the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal outside of its natural habitat; for example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans. Class 6. Classes. These are the areas where only wild animals (fauna) are present. (4) Priority should be given to preserve unique ecosystems. Your IP: 185.2.5.12 In recent years ex situ conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species. India is one of the twelve mega diversity nations of the world due to the following reasons: (i) It has 7.3% of the global fauna and 10.88% of global flora as per the data collected by Ministry of Environment and forest. (v) In addition to geographical distribution, geological events in the land mass provide high level of biological diversity. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The different factors responsible for causing threat to biodiversity are as follows: The primary cause of loss of biodiversity is habitat loss or destruction which is resulted due to the large industrial and commercial activities associated with agriculture, irrigation, construction of dams, mining, fishing etc. Ex-Situ Conservation 2. Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of all levels of biological diversity outside their natural habitats through different techniques like zoo, captive breeding, aquarium, botanical garden, an… Category Enlisted species Highly endangered Species. Share these Notes with your friends Prev Next > You can check our 5-step learning process. show ecosystem diversity. Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us. Types of Biodiversity: There are three interrelated hierarchical levels of biodiversity namely, genetic … The ex-situ conservation involves the strategic protection of biodiversity hotspots for endangered species and habitats. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Many scientists and conservationists feel that until methods are available to discern easily which of the millions of species and varieties will have economic value, in-situ conservation through the protection … For example they may be the only option where in situ conservation is no longer possible. This be easily understood by observing detrimental effects of global warming and acid rain which cause an unfavorable alteration in logical processes. Biodiversity is considered as a reservoir of resources to be used for the manufacture of food, medicine, industrial products, etc. (6) International trade in wild life should be highly regulated. The following strategies should be undertaken in order to con­serve biodiversity: (1) All the possible varieties (old or new) of food, forage and timber plants, live stock, agriculture animals and microbes should be conserved. Created by: Bhansongal98; Created on: 21-04-16 13:46; Advantages and Disadvantages of ex situ conservation. It describes the variety in the number and richness of the spices with in a region. Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Class 7. Ex-situ (‘off site’) conservation techniques are implemented away from the conservation target's natural habitat. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. In situ conservation involves the conservation of the whole ecosystem and the natural habitats. The activities like grazing forestry, cultivation and habitat manipulation are not permitted in these areas. Biodiversity holds great ecological value because it is indispensable to maintain the ecological balance. Since earth is homeland of all living organisms, all have equal right to coexist on the surface of earth with all benefits. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. The genetic variation arises by gene and chromosome mutation in individuals and in sexually reproducing organisms and it is spread in the population by recombination of genetic materials during cell division after sexual reproduction. )Biosphere Reserve (b.) Organisms are completely protected from predation and poaching; Halth of individuals can be monitored and medical assistance given as required; Populations can be more effectively managed … The protection and management of biodiversity through in situ conservation involve certain specific areas known as protected areas which include national parks, Sanctuaries and Biosphere reserves. There are two Methods of biodiversity conservation. drought, flood etc. They inform the public of the threatened status of endangered species and of those factors which cause the threat, with the hope of creating public inte… There are 37,000 protected areas throughout the world. Register at BYJU’S to explore biodiversity conservation notes. In this method of biological diversity conservation, sampling, shifting, storage and preservation of target taxa is carried out outside the natural habitat of the organisms. The richness of a species tells about the extent of biodiversity of a site and provides a means for comparing different sites. (a. The in-situ concept is best understood in contrast to ex-situ conservation. are prohibited so that the wild plants and animals can grow and multiply freely without any hindrance. Gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable, fertile conditions for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilised in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. The introduction of exotic species are due to: It is seen that some exotic species may kill or eat the native species thereby causing its extinction. (10) Public awareness should be created regarding biodiversity and its importance for the living organisms. The biodiversity has the following importance’s: Biodiversity produces a number of products harvested from nature and sold in commercial markets. Its conservation embraces maintenance, sustainable utilization, and restoration, of the lost and degraded biodiversity through two basic and complementary strategies called in situ and ex situ. Biodiversity can be conserved by In Situ and Ex Situ conservation. These are scientifically managed allowing only the tourists to visit. Such type of diversity can generate more productive and stable ecosystems or communities capable of tolerating various types of stresses e.g. In-situ methods use conservation areas as "warehouses" of biological information. Also in ex- situ conservation, all of which house whole, protected specimens for breeding and reintroduction into the wild when necessary and possible. This approach is called in in-situ (on site) conservation. Table 5.1: Endangered and Endemic Species of India. (ix) There are a number of hot spots (namely Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, North Eastern hills etc.). It depends upon species richness and evenness. All of the ex situ conservation methods discussed have their role to play in modern conservation. Such collections are expensive to maintain, are susceptible to environmental changes, and do not present a safe long-term option. (ii) It has 350 different mammals, 1200 species of birds- 453 different reptiles, 182 amphibians and 45,000 plants spices. The hot spots are determined considering four factors: (iii) Degrees of threat to habitat due to its degradation and fragmentation and. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. Examples of In situ Conservation National Parks, Wild Life sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Gene Sanctuaries Examples of Ex situ Conservation When we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, its biodiversity at all levels is protected.E.g. Seed banking has considerable advantages over other methods of ex situ plant … Ex-situ conservation, which is also known as off-site conservation, refers to the conservation of endangered species in the artificial or man-made habitats that imitate their natural habitats, e.g. It is the methods of conserving all the living species in the artful habitats that reflect their natural living habitats. (v) Advanced technology in the service of endangered species. What is Ex-situ Conservation? The term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity by E.O. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. Ex situ conservation means conservation which takes place off-site. There are basically two methods used in forest genetic resource conservation, namely the in situ (on site) and the ex situ (off site) conservation methods.. Ex-situ conservation involves maintenance and breeding of endangered plants and animals under partially or wholly control­led conditions in specific areas like zoo, gardens, nurseries etc. These are maintained by government. A number of wildlife species are becoming extinct due to poaching and hunting. The area under a sanctuary remains in between 0.61 to 7818 km. Stay tuned with BYJU’S to explore … Continue . (iii) It has 50,000 known species of insects which include 13,000 butterflies and moths. Ex-situ methods focus on species conservation in botanic gardens, zoos, gene banks, and captive breeding programs. (2) All the economically important organisms in protected areas should be identified and conserved. (ii) Short-term propagation and release of the animals in their natural habitat. Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. (c) These maintain cultural, social and ecologically sustainable economic developments. The product species richness and species evenness give species diversity of a region. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. Ex situ conservation Conserving biodiversity outside the areas where they naturally occur is known as ex situ conservation. Now gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile condition for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilized in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. It describes a range of communities due to replacement of species which arises due to the presence of different microhabitats, niches and environmental conditions. (15) Efforts should be made for setting up of National parks and wild life sanctuaries to safeguard the genetic diversity and their continuing evolution. Some important sanctuaries of Orissa are as follows: Biosphere reserves or natural reserves are multipurpose protected areas with boundaries circumscribed by legislation. Biodiversity has great economic value because economic development depends upon efficient and economic management of biotic resources. Aesthetic values such as refreshing fragrance of the flowers, taste of berries, softness of mossed, melodious songs of birds, etc. Advantages. Some of the examples of ex-situ conversation are gene banks, germplasm banks, seed banks. The consumptive value can be assigned to goods such as fuel woods, leaves, forest products etc. Biodiversity Conservation. It offers less mobility to the animals as it is smaller in area than the area of in-situ conservation. (vi) It is very essential for natural pest control, maintenance of population of various species, pollination by insects and birds, nutrient cycling, conservation and purification of water, formation of soil etc. In these areas, hunting, firewood collection, timber harvesting etc. It describes the assemblage and Interaction of spices living together and the physical environment a given area. (b) The main role of these reserves is to preserve genetic resources, species, ecosystems, and habitats without disturbing the habitants. In situ (conservation in the original habitat) is a priority and an advantage over ex situ (non-habitat conservation) methods. In Situ Conservation Methods. ... eggs can be fertilized in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. In addition, the habitat fragmentation also brings about microclimatic changes in light, temperature, wind etc. • • (c) To make sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems. Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. (i) Long-term captive breeding and propagation for the species which have lost their habitats permanently. 3. Biodiversity includes the genetic variability (for which different varieties of spices have appeared in the course of evolution) and diversity of life forms such as plants, animal microbes, etc. The biosphere reserve net work was intro­duced by UNESCO 1971. Some important national Parks of India are: (i) Biological Park, Nandankanan, Orissa, (ii) Corbett national Park Nainital, U.P. The main aim of biosphere reserve is to preserve genetic diversity in representative ecosystems by protecting wild animals, traditional life style of inhabitant and domesticated plant/ animal genetic resources. With increased population, the habitats are fragmented into pieces by roads, fields, canals, power lines, towns etc. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. The living organisms on earth are of great diversity, living in diverse habitats and possessing diverse qualities and are vital to human existence providing food, shelter, clothing’s, medicines etc. Seedbanks, botanical, horti… Ex-situ Conservation of Biodiversity comprises of aquariums, botanical gardens, Cryopreservation, DNA banks, zoos, etc. (iii) It provides different types of oil seeds for the preparation of oils. In certain cases, ex situ conservation is the only plausible means of undertaking protection of biodiversity. Biodiversity must be seen in the light of holding ethical value. It also tells about the diversity within the ecosystem. (ii) Adoption of Different ex-situ methods of conservation. The loss of biodiversity directly influences the social life of the country possibly through influencing ecosystem functions (energy flow and biogeochemical cycle). (b) It offers a way to preserve a large number of organisms simultaneously, known or unknown to us. 1. The conservation of species in their natural habitat or natural ecosystem is known as in situ conservation. (a) The favourable conditions may not be maintained always. That is, controlled biotic interference is permitted in sanctuaries, which allows visiting of tourists for recreation. Mainly the conservation of biodiversity has three basic objectives: (a) To maintain essential ecological processes and life supporting systems. All these factors together may be responsible for the extinction of a number of species. The most dreaded factor inducing loss of biodiversity is environmental pollution which include air pollution, Water pollution, industrial pollution, pollution due to chemical Pastes, pesticides radioactive materials etc. The only disadvantage of in situ conservation is that it requires large space of earth which is often difficult because of growing demand for space. Which one of the following is not a site for in-situ method of conservation of flora? The in situ conservation method is the protection and maintenance of species populations in the ecosystem in which they occur. (iv) It has 10 different biogeographical regions and 25 biotic provinces having varieties of lands and species. (v) It provides different drugs and medicines which are based on different plant products. Since the animals are more vulnerable to infection, the anthropological activities may increase the incidence of diseases in wild species, leading to their extinction. Class 8. In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation Methods. This was brief information to the Biodiversity, their types and the importance. The main difference between in situ and ex situ is that the in situ refers to the original location whereas the ex situ refers to the off-site.Furthermore, in situ methods are less expensive and less manageable while the ex situ methods are expensive and manageable. In the day to day life, human beings are maintaining their lifestyle at the sacrifice of surrounding species which come from diversity of plants and animals struggling for their existence. Generally, they are more expensive to maintain and should be regarded as complementary to in situ conservation methods. In-situ conservation, the conservation of species in their natural habitats, is considered the most appropriate way of conserving biodiversity. Simlipal, (Orissa), Sunderban (West Bengal), Kanha (M.P Kaziranga (Assam) etc. The protected areas are biogeographical areas where biological diversity along with natural and cultural resources are protected, maintained and managed through legal and administrative measures. Ex-situ Conservation is one of the primary objectives of Botanical Survey of India (BSI). In other words, conservation of bio-diversity is the proper management of the biosphere by human beings in such a way that it gives maximum benefits for the present generation and also develops its potential so as to meet the needs of the future generations. The natural resources are over exploited to meet growing rural poverty, intensive technological growth and globalization of economy. The species richness may be defined as the number of species per unit area. Ex situ conservation means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. living in a wide range of ecosystems. (c) The existence in natural ecosystem provides opportunity to the living organisms to adjust to differed’ environmental conditions and to evolve in to a better life form. Biodiversity is being depleted by the loss of habitat, fragmentation of habitat, over exploitation of resources, human sponsored ecosystems, climatic changes, pollution invasive exotic spices, diseases, shifting cultivation, poaching of wild life etc. (8) Care should be taken for the development of reserves and protected areas. can be avoided by ex-situ conservation there by providing conditions necessary for a secure life and breeding. The species richness depends largely on climatic conditions. These are the small reserves meant for the protection of wild life and their natural habitats. Wilson in 1985. While the identification of ex-situ initiatives leaves little room for ambiguity (e.g. That is, the conservation of selected plants and animals in se­lected areas outside their natural habitat is known as ex-situ con­servation. Ex situ conservation is conserving the animals and plant outside the natural habitat. The different advantages of ex-situ conservation are: (a) It gives longer life time and breeding activity to animals. (13) The over exploitation of useful products of wild life should be prevented. It offers an insurance technique for other methods of conservation. The activities like harvesting of timbers, collection of forest products, cultivation of lands etc. The term 'method' is often used to denote different concepts such as in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, ecosystem conservation, species conservation, static conservation, dynamic conservation and others. So, it is highly essential for the human beings to take care of their surrounding species and make optimum use of their service, for better economic development. (vii) There is wide variety of domestic animals like cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, pigs, horses etc. The discussion on each type of diversity is given below: It describes the variation in the number and types of genes as well as chromosomes present in different species. Ex situ conservation methods for vegetatively propagated woody species traditionally relied on field or glasshouse collections. (c) This technique involves only few species. Cloudflare Ray ID: 612990e99c550662 It is especially adapted to species which cannot be established or regenerated outside their natural habitats. Ex situ conservation methods also encourage captive breeding to boost the member counts of species and prevent extinction. 4.3 Explain how in situ and ex situ conservation methods are used to maintain biodiversity. (c) Captivity breed species can again be reintroduced in the wild. (b) Genetic techniques can be utilised in the process. Some important areas under these conservation are: The strategies for ex-situ conservations are: (i) Identification of species to be conserved. It is seen that the diverse living forms of the ecosystem are modulated with the global environmental changes. Consequently, some 25 years ago, alternative in vitro approaches were considered. It relates varieties of habitats, biotic communities ecological processes in biosphere. It involves the in-situ and ex-situ methods. Botanical gardens, and zoosare the most conventional methods of Ex-situ conservation. The isolated fragment of habitats restricts the potential of species for dispersal and colonization. (3) Critical habitats for each species should be identified and safeguarded. Ex-situ techniques include: seed storage, captive breeding, slow-growth storage, DNA storage. Ex situ conservation is the conservation of selected rare plants or animals in places outside the natural forms. Since man is the most intelligent amongst the living organisms, it should be prime responsibility and moral obligation of man to preserve and conserve other organisms which will directly or indirectly favour the existence of the man. (5) There should be sustainable utilisation of resources. The magnitude of variation in genes of a species increases with increase in size and environmental parameters of the habitat. 5.1. The demarcation of biodiversity in each area is determined on the basis of climatic and physiological conditions. Advantages and Disadvantages of ex situ conservation. compel the human beings to preserve them. Ex-situ conservation Ex situ or ‘off-site’ conservation means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. The process of protecting biodiversity at all levels by conserving and protecting the whole ecosystem is called in situ conservation. Ex situ conservation methods ened in situ and is the for the conservation of the specific genetic resource, Frequently, the will be to establish populations that maintain as much as possible of the original and allows for long-term tion to the local conditions at the planting site. Out of the above species, 134781 are residing in India although surface area of India is 2% of the earth’s surface. Ex-situ conservation: This method refers to the conservation of biodiversity in the areas outside their natural habitat such as zoos and botanical gardens. (9) Efforts should be made to reduce the level of pollutants in the environment. The diversity may be interspecific (within species) and interspecific (in between the species) but these are well supported by ecosystem. Genetic diversity has the following importance: (i) It helps in speciation or evolution of new species; (ii) It is useful in adaptation to changes in environmental conditions; (iii) It is important for agricultural productivity and development. (14) The useful animals, plants and their wild relatives should be protected both in their natural habitat (in-situ) and in zoological botanical gardens (ex-situ). Ex situ conservation 1. Biodiversity has the following uses for the development humanity: (ii) It provides fibers, sources for the preparation of clothes. Ex-situ conservation includes off-site collection and gene banks. In situ and ex situ are two methods used to describe different biological processes such as bioremediation, and conservation of … In-Situ (natural home) 2.Ex-Situ (artificial home) Actual Question in CSAT 2011 (12.) When a species is confined entirely to a particular area, it is termed as endemic species. (12) The habitats of migratory birds should be protected by bilateral and multilateral agreement. Thus, it is rightly told, survival of the man depends upon the survival of the biosphere. are permitted as long as these do not interfere with the project. The extinction of species concerned are eliminated by suitable mechanism increase in size and parameters... Habitat is known as ex situ conservation conserving biodiversity outside the natural forms in a region species. Capable of tolerating various types of oil seeds for the development ex situ conservation methods reserves and protected areas ) poaching. Be identified and safeguarded are expensive to maintain the ecological balance conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species page... Has the following is not a site and provides a means for comparing different sites wild (... And stable ecosystems or communities capable of tolerating various types of conservation plausible means of biodiversity of a.. 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