The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests. This also agrees with reports that children who have a special position in the family and who receive overprotection and spoiling are more liable to develop ADHD than other children [39]. Children aged 6 to 17 years old who had informants present during the study period and children with a permanent residence in the Girja district were included. Children without informants were not included. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in rural parts of Ethiopia. Out of the twenty kebeles, five kebeles were selected by simple random sampling. For example… There was a total of 640 males (51.7%), and 894 (72.2%) of the children were between the ages of 6 and 12 years. The skeletal immaturity of boys relative to girls may cause boys to be more vulnerable to damage and predispose the development of ADHD later on among those children [35]. The Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale was pretested for validity in our setup and was found to be easily understood by the participants with internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.8). Studies in Africa are limited, but ADHD was reported in certain studies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 (WHO/DAD/2019.1). However, females are more likely to present with more internalizing symptoms (such as being withdrawn, being in a state of anxiety, and having low self-esteem) than males [36]. The information provided by CHADD’s National Resource Center on ADHD is supported by Cooperative Agreement Number NU38DD005376 funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In Iranian children aged 3 to 6 years, ADHD had a prevalence rate of 25.8% based on parents’ evaluation and 17% based on their teacher’s evaluation [13]. This was in line with several previous studies [11, 20, 40]. Objective. Study populations were randomly selected and children aged 6 to 17 years who lived in the study area for at least six months prior to the study were targeted. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with childhood onset [1]. A. El-Behary, and G. A. Shehata, “Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among elementary schools children in Assiut City-Egypt,”, C. A. Variables that have values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The ADHD/HD worldwide-pooled prevalence was 5.29%. Logistic regression analysis was used to see statistically significant variables. In the multivariate metaregression model, diagnostic criteria, source of information, requirement of impairment for But the CDC now puts it at 11%. It is located in the southern part of Ethiopia, which is 559 kilometers from Addis Ababa. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Single parents were very common in the 17th and 18th centuries. The first-born child has a special position in some families and this may act as one of the risk factors for ADHD (e.g., overprotection and spoiling). It has subscales for the inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and combined subtypes. In 2019, global car sales were mostly weaker with worldwide car sales around 4% lower than a year ago. Other demographic variables like parents’ low education, mother’s occupation, and low socioeconomic status [11], as well as gender (male gender), child rank (birth order), mother’s education level, and living with a single parent [13, 20, 24] were all risk factors of ADHD. Treatment of ADHD becomes age specific, and the current most comprehensive available evidence based on treatment-related information suggests to clinicians, guideline developers, and policymakers the choice of ADHD medications across age groups [31]. ADHD is a result of complex dealings between genetic, environmental, and developmental traits, and genetic factors are credited for determining about 80% of the cases [22]. We included 1302 children for the study. World Statistics: international statistics, country population, economic and social data provided by International Organisations. Other similar studies among children aged 6 to 12 years reported that ADHD had a prevalence rate of 11.6% (of which 6.3% belonged to the inattention subtype, 2.2% belonged to the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, and 3.1% belonged to the combined ADHD subtype) [12]. But how many people does this translate to exactly? Percent ever diagnosed with ADHD: 10.8% (2015–2017) Percent of boys ever diagnosed with ADHD: 14.8% (2015–2017) Percent of girls ever diagnosed with ADHD: 6.7% (2015–2017) Source: Health, United States, 2018, table 12 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Children Aged 6 to 17 Years Old Living in Girja District, Rural Ethiopia, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Debre Birhan Health Science College, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, Sociodemographic characteristics of the family, Child health status before 6 years of age, Child feeding style during the first six months, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder inattentive, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder hyperactive/impulsive, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fourth Edition. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC or the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). ADHD was assessed in a subsample of 8,470 adolescents. ADHD conservatively occurs in 4% of adults and 5% of children worldwide Scientific studies have shown that ADHD is highly heritable and is a chronic disorder that persists throughout the lifespan Eighty percent of children maintain their diagnosis into adolescence and at … ADHD Data and Statistics. 4. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed. Written assent was taken from the parents/guardians and informed consent was taken from the mothers/guardians for their voluntary participation. However, this finding was higher than the study done in Butajira, southern Ethiopia which was 1.5% [21] and Nigeria which was 3.2%. The ADHD prevalence rate was found to be similar with global reports. Then, we selected children aged 6 to 17 years old from each household which had an eligible child. However, it was in disagreement with a previous study [41] which has reported a high prevalence of ADHD in children from parents with a low level of education [42]. Therefore prevention, early detection, and management of modifiable risk factors are important for decreasing the prevalence of ADHD. Many reports estimate that anywhere from 5% to 8% of school-age kids have the disorder. 2019, Article ID 1753580, 8 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1753580, 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia, 2Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 3Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, 4Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5Debre Birhan Health Science College, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. 3.3 million children aged 12–17 years. Per person with ADHD, the cost is $25,071. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. This finding is in line with those of other studies showing that the separation of the child from one or both parents early in life is associated with ADHD [20, 37, 38]. 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ADHD Europe has a vision for an inclusive European community, where people affected by ADHD can experience well-being and achieve their full potential, and can also contribute to the well-being of their community and wider society. Recall bias may be present for childhood health status before six years old, child feeding style in the first six months of life, maternal health status during pregnancy, and complication at delivery. The strength of the association was presented by crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Those independent factors were entered into multivariate regression for further analysis. CHADD does not endorse products, services, publications, medications, or treatments, including those advertised in any CHADD publications, webinars or podcasts. Therefore, this study will estimate the prevalence and associated factors of ADHD among children aged 6-17 years old living in rural Ethiopia. The variation might be because of sociocultural differences, age demarcations, differences in sample size, and differences in the data collection tools used, like the use of some diagnosis criteria tools. During bivariate analyses of ADHD, sex, family marital status, living circumstances of the child, childbirth order or rank, family size, socioeconomic status of the family (by wealth index), and maternal health status during pregnancy fulfilled the minimum need ( value at 0.2 significance). On the other hand, this finding was lower than in Venezuela, 10.03% [10]; in Saudi Arabia [11] and in Jeddah, 11.6% [12]; in Iran, 17%-25.8% [13]; in Nigeria, 23.15% [16]; and in Egypt, 19.7% [20]. Inattention requires six or more counted behaviors from questions 1 to 9 as an indication of the predominantly inattentive subtype. A. Peña, I. Montiel-Barbero, and G. Polanczyk, “Prevalence rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a school sample of Venezuelan children,”, J. H. Al Hamed, A. The prevalence varies considerably according to the race and ethnic origin of the individual - children of Mexican background appear to be at lower risk. In 2019, the Producer Price Index (CY2015 as the base year = 100) was 101.5, up 0.2 percent from the previous year. The prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children was 7.3%. World health statistics overview 2019: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Sociodemographic characteristics of children’s family. Majority of the children, 1208 (97.6%), were Oromo by ethnicity and 1003 (81%) were Protestant by religion (Table 1). Children with ADHD are at risk of a wide range of psychiatric disorders [30]. As of 2019, the percentage of 12th grade students that had tried Adderall within the past year was around 4 percent. Clinical/biological factors of children and their mothers. Subscribe to Global Stats by email We respect your privacy … Generally, states … Other clinical- and maternal-related factors are listed in Table 3. The findings of the present study on the prevalence rate of ADHD are consistent with the findings of the studies done in Egypt, which was 6.9% [15]; in Kenya, which was 6.3% [18]; in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which was 6% [19]; in Spain, which was 6.8% [8], in the USA, which was 8.2%, [7], and in studies pooled worldwide, which was 7.2% [3], as well as in review studies which were 5.9%-7.1%. From each kebele, two Gotts (the smallest subunits of kebeles/villages) were selected randomly. The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The persistent behavioral disturbance in children with ADHD may lead to major psychiatric disorders during adulthood. Parental separation has negative effects on the child’s behavior due to various factors such as inconsistent parenting, more punishment, violence, and criticism [38]. An earlier version of this study was presented as an abstract in the World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences in 2018. My wife is a teacher who works with autistic kids, so while she is an expert about autism in the kids she has worked with over the years, we've both wondered what the autism statistics worldwide were and … First, the data was checked for completeness and consistency. . The behavioral disturbance of children with ADHD significantly impairs their social, academic, or occupational functioning. Combined requires six or more counted behaviors each from both the subtype inattention and subtype hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. They include national surveys conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), such as the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). ADHD has a severe behavioral implication to the cognitive and social development among children. The prevalence of ADHD was 7.3% (90) (95% CI: 5.8%, 8.8%). [4]. In Africa, the prevalence of ADHD ranges between 5.4% and 8.7% among school children and 1.5% in the general population. ADHD is a severe developmental disorder characterized by pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that occur before the age of seven. ADHD has three subtypes which includes the inattentive subtype, the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, and the combined subtype [2]. We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19. Statistics from several sources are presented here under these categories: When analyzing the results of prevalence studies, you may want to take into consideration the sample size; the population being surveyed—whether they are clinicians, parents, teachers, children, adults or a combination of these groups; the questions being asked; and the conclusions of the study. Von Eye, “Family adversity in DSM-IV ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes and associated disruptive behavior problems,”, C. Frey, K. Wyss-Senn, and E. Bossi, “Subjective evaluation by parents and objective findings in former perinatal risk children,”, D. A. Pineda, F. Lopera, J. D. Palacio, D. Ramirez, and G. C. Henao, “Prevalence estimations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: differential diagnoses and comorbidities in a Colombian sample,”, J. L. S. Sauver, W. J. Barbaresi, S. K. Katusic, R. C. Colligan, A. L. Weaver, and S. J. Jacobsen, “Early life risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cohort study,”, W. E. Pelham Jr, G. A. Fabiano, and G. M. Massetti, “Evidence-based assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents,”. ADHD usually presents during early childhood, and its diagnosis is most often made in school-aged children. Based on DSM-IV screening of 11,422 adults for ADHD in 10 countries in the Americas, Europe and the It was found that the first-born child was more than two times more likely to develop ADHD than the second and above child in the birth order in this study. Of the children, 685 (55.3%) were the first child in birth order/rank (Table 2). Number of new HIV infections among adults and children worldwide 2000-2019 The most important statistics U.S. children diagnosed with a developmental disability as of 2015-2018, by condition Family-related factors like mother’s smoking and drinking behavior, nonvaginal delivery, and late starting of school discussed in [25]; watching television/playing video games, participation in sports, and two-parent family structure discussed in [26]; and parental psychiatric disorders, previous abortion, unwanted pregnancy, history of trauma, cesarean delivery, substance use during pregnancy, head trauma, and epilepsy discussed in [27] all contributed to the risk of ADHD. ADHD is a neurobiological disorder linked to an imbalance of brain chemicals (dopamine and noradrenaline) with some evidence that there are also some structural brain changes in children and adults with ADHD (Purper-Ouakil et al., 2011). Two nurses (degree holders) were employed to supervise, and five clinical nurses (diploma holders) who were also given training were employed for data collection. Copyright © 2019 Hirbaye Mokona Lola et al. The child of a family with a low-level economic status was more than two times more likely to develop ADHD than a child of a family with a high-level economic status. Nevada has the lowest rates. HB, AG, AZ, SY, and KL were involved in the study design, analysis, and drafting of the manuscript. An estimated 6.4 million American children ages 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD affects 5% of children and 3% of adults (1.5 million) in the UK, making it the most common behavioural disorder in the country About a third … Maternal health status during pregnancy was assessed by whether the mother was sick as severe as hospitalized during pregnancy. HM received the funding (No. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 11 percent of all children in the U.S. aged 4-17 have been diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADHD or ADD) that was roughly 6.1 million American children in 2016, a 43 percent increase since 2003. Hyperactivity-impulsive requires six or more counted behaviors from questions 10 to 18 on impulsivity as an indication of the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype. The US 2.4 million children aged 6–11 years. However, many children with the disorder continue to experience symptoms as they enter adolescence (60-85%) and adult life (40%) [29]. Parents who have a child with Autism have a 2% to In other studies, the prevalence rate of ADHD has been reported to be 8.2% among children aged 6 to 17 years in the USA [7], 6.8% among children aged 6 to 17 years in Spain based on 14 observational studies [8], 5.8% among children aged 6 to 17 years in Brazil using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 1.5% using the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) [9], and 10.03% among children aged 4 to 12 years in Venezuela [10]. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence rate of ADHD in children aged 6 to 13 years has been reported to be 16.4% for the combined subtype (ADHD-C), 16.3% for the inattention subtype (ADHD-I), and 12.4% for the hyperactive/impulsive subtype (ADHD-HI) [11]. 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