Delta State has since followed suit, creating its own anti-trafficking Task Force in April 2019. • The total number of human trafficking victims outside of Nigeria is largely unknown. Human trafficking is a terrible menace to a nation and must be snuffed out quickly. The team comprises professionals and Consultants from different fields of human endeavour. Only 2% of those who are trafficked are trafficked outside the country, according to NAPTIP (2016). Trafficking in human beings and more especially, trafficking in Children has been on a rise across the globe. See 2020 U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report. I. Statistics for 2019 have yet to be released. Underdeveloped countries, mainly third world countries like Nigeria, are more prone to trafficking in person’s because the lack of development and infrastructure leads their citizens to seek greener pastures elsewhere, and so, they’ll easily fall prey to human traffickers. September 10, 2020 • Human trafficking, a form of modern day slavery, involves the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain and is a $150 billion global industry. Nigeria: Human Trafficking Factsheet. According to statistics by the U.S. Department of State, globally, 2 million children are trafficked into the sex trade each year. Lack of adequate legislation and of political will and commitment to enforce existing legislation or mandates are other factors that facilitate trafficking in persons. (According to Italian authorities, there are between 10,000 to 30,000 Nigerian women working in prostitution on the streets of Italy.) NAPTIP, in its 2018 Report, confirms that the largest number of victims rescued outside of Nigeria were rescued from Libya and are from Edo State. IMPACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIAN STATE. Anthropologica. Law enforcement agencies like The Nigeria customs service, The Nigerian police force, and The Nigerian immigration service should provide organizations like NAPTIP with relevant intelligence to help prohibit individuals from being trafficked across the nation’s borders. Read Also: 5 security operations ongoing to deal with bandits, kidnappers: FG. Women (and also children) are often viewed as objects that can be sold. Again, Nigerians were not within the top 10 nationalities of those registered with IOM in Libya, the country which many experts have considered the unsafe migration gateway into Europe (particularly from Sub-Saharan Africa) in recent years. Others who are victims of organ trafficking are murdered and never make it back to Nigeria. In conclusion, having stated the reasons and consequences of human trafficking, it is deemed as an unacceptable act and must be stopped. Has this article been helpful? IMPACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA - Prior to the abolition of slave trade and slavery in the early 19th century, human beings were sold as commodities to merchants by kings and warriors in exchange for goods. Supra. Read Also: Head of Buhari’s Daura district kidnapped. Among the root causes of human trafficking in Nigeria, we mention poverty, lack of education, globalization, corruption and gender inequality. Nigeria border is having a bad reputation through the porosity of the border which is easily accessible illegally for committing different kinds of crime like smuggling of people, trafficking of people, foodstuff, cloth, … Two thirds of this figure ($99 billion) is generated from commercial sexual exploitation, while another $51 billion results from forced economic exploitation, including domestic work, agriculture and other economic activities. The Index maintains that modern day slavery is most prevalent in Africa (with 9.24 million slaves and an average vulnerability score of 62/100). Since then, Nigerian  arrivals have continued to decline. In addition, according to NAPTIP, 38.9% of all convictions in 2019 related to the procurement of persons for sexual exploitation, with 22.2% of convictions relating to foreign travel which promotes prostitution. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. INTRODUCTION. The recent scourge of unsafe migration has highlighted Nigeria’s challenges in this area, with one former Nigerian Permanent Representative to the United Nations (Mr. Martin Uhomoibhi) contending in June 2017 that in 2016 alone, 602,000 Nigerians endeavoured to migrate to Europe via the Sahara Desert. Human trafficking in Nigeria has assumed unimaginable dimension in the last two decades due to several factors which include globalization, economic recession, poverty, conflicts, weak legal system, and lack of adequate legislation and of political will. Human trafficking is a human right violation and every year; thousands of men, women and children are trafficked by those known to them and in their own communities too. In 2017, that number decreased to 15.5% of total migrants arriving Italy (119,000) in light of the numerous efforts made by Italy and the European Union to stem the flow of migrants from Libya. NAPTIP further contends that 75% of those who are trafficked within Nigeria are trafficked across states, while 23% are trafficked within states. And, even when they are aware, they still agree to these terms because of the promise of greener pastures. To advance our goal of structural transformation on the African continent, we are building a community of survivors who are becoming awakened to their potential and are not only poverty reduction driven, but are laser focused on wealth creation for themselves, their local communities and the continent. Therefore, the government and bodies who are capable of putting a stop to this act should do everything within their power to put an end to it, and any effort to combat this act must include scrapping out the roots, i.e. The inhumane conditions that trafficked persons are subjected to leads to mental, emotional and psychological trauma. Human trafficking is the fastest-growing form of slavery. The individual is exposed to the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and infections, and, worst-case scenario, death. INTRODUCTION. THE EFFECTS OF CHILD AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA, Largest Undergraduate Projects Repository, Research Works and Materials. The paper also review the legislations put in … It is why individuals in underdeveloped areas are more prone to being trafficked. Prior to the abolition of slave trade and slavery in the early 19th century, human beings were sold as commodities to merchants by kings and warriors in exchange for goods. Consequences of human trafficking The victims of trafficking are exploited and abused, suffer from different infection contaminations and diseases (more often sexually transmitted diseases such as Hepatitis, Syphilis, and HIV), physical and psycho injuries, and even death. The Initiative is being implemented in 14 African countries, including Nigeria, where as of September 2019, close to 12,000 migrants have been voluntarily repatriated (mostly from Niger and Libya). Keywords: Human, Trafficking, Nigeria, National Image, Moral Appraisal Introduction Human trafficking is defined in international law as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of domestic servitude. Unemployment and a lack of job opportunities, like poverty, can quickly lead one into the deceptive hands of human traffickers. Also, children from other West African nations like Togo, Ghana, and the Benin Republic are brought to Nigeria and forced to work tedious jobs in inhumane conditions. The children suffer from lack of self-esteem, emotional disturbance, disorientation, and depressio… Lack of formal education and exposure sometimes makes individuals easily susceptible to the deceit of human traffickers. Organ trafficking has been on the rise in Libya. These merchants provided weapons and fueled crises between communities to increase the supply of slaves. It ties with the illegal arms trade as the second largest, after the drug-trade in terms of revenue generation for the perpetrators with an estimated income of … Required fields are marked *. The law's prescribed penalties of five years' imprisonment and/or a $670 fine for labor trafficking, 10 years' imprisonment for trafficking of children for forced begging or hawking, and 10 years to life imprisonment for sex trafficking are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. • According to our preliminary research gleaned from hundreds of repatriating survivors of sex trafficking in Edo State, poverty remains the number one factor rendering women and girls vulnerable to sex trafficking. The general factors that increase vulnerability to trafficking in Nigeria include extreme poverty (now the world’s poverty capital), corruption, conflict, climate change/resulting migration and western consumerism. It is also called trafficking in persons, especially women and children, and may occur within a country or transnationally. It finally recommends measures for controlling the increasing incidence of women and children trafficking in Nigeria. The media and the general public should also provide relevant information regarding the illegal activity of human traffickers to the appropriate agencies. Also pretty alarming is his claim that of those who perished on the journey, 68% were Nigerian university graduates. CHAPTER ONE. According to ILO report, an estimated number of 5.5 Million children are trafficked around the world and the rate of trafficking keeps increasing as children are trafficked for sexual exploitation, forced labour, benefit fraud, criminal activities, and many more. Women and girls forced to engage in illicit sexual activities suffer from low self-esteem because of the activities they’re made to carry out, and their mental health becomes affected as a result. • According to IOM, an astounding 94% of all Nigerian women trafficked to Europe for prostitution hail from Edo State, with Italy being the number one destination country. A country ridden by unemployment and poverty cannot successfully shake off the menace of human trafficking. It is estimated that over 15 million Nigerians leave outside the country for the purpose of education, jobs, as well as other illicit activities like commercial sex work. It is a crime against the person, as it violates the person’s rights to life and movement. European nations, like Spain and Italy, are the major target of those fleeing the nation, and recently, it was discovered that Italy has the highest population of Nigerian’s victimized by human trafficking, with over 20,000 women and girls found to be prostituting on the streets of Italy. Human trafficking poses detrimental economic and social consequences in Nigeria. The impact of human trafficking on victims and survivors varies depending on the type of trafficking and the specific situation. The average woman trafficked for forced sexual servitude/exploitation generates $100,000 in annual profits (anywhere from 100% to 1,000% return on investment) (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)). These and many other commendable efforts have been taken to prevent trafficking in persons. But the ugly phenomenon still persists. Recently, in 2017, the U.S. State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons placed the country in “Tier 2 Watchlist.” Also. THE EFFECTS OF CHILD AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA, Largest Undergraduate Projects Repository, Research Works and Materials. The federal government of Nigeria has continued to put in an effort to combat the menace of human trafficking, especially with the establishment of Anti-trafficking organization like the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Person’s (NAPTIP) – whose public enlightenment unit works in rural areas of Benue, Kogi, and Edo States, introducing grassroots programs, and even holding an annual race against human trafficking, with the first edition in Edo State, in 2009, with 5,000 runners – and the Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation (WOTCLEF). 1.1 Background of the study. trafficking especially as it concerns women and children trafficking. The nation is a transit and destination country for human traffickers. (On average, each survivor we partner with has ensured sexual slavery for 3-5 years, having been forced into prostitution an average of 4,000 times.) The harsh economic conditions in the country make some individuals jump at any opportunity to move to greener pastures, and human traffickers deceitfully provide these opportunities. • In December 2016, the EU and IOM developed the Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Re-integration in Africa to address the challenges of unsafe migration. Human trafficking in Nigeria has assumed unimaginable dimension in the last two decades due to several factors which include globalization, economic recession, poverty, conflicts, weak legal system, and lack of adequate legislation and of political will. Your email address will not be published. Women and girls are also engaged in domestic servitude, with NAPTIP’s 2018 Report noting this category as the second highest in reported cases after foreign travel for prostitution. The Government of Nigeria maintained strong anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts. When a person doesn’t know better, it is quite easy to deceive such a person. See 2020 U.S. State Department Trafficking In Persons Report. Appropriate agencies should also put in considerable effort to combat the threat. In this post, we discuss Human trafficking in Nigeria. Women and children are taken from within the country’s borders and taken to other West African and Central African countries like Gabon, Benin, Togo, Niger, Burkina Faso, Gambia, and Chad, as well as other European countries like Russia and Italy, and other the Middle East and North African countries. ABSTRACT . In many third world countries like Nigeria, where unemployment rates are high, and job opportunities are scarce, human traffickers come to the citizens of these nations and woo them with promises of steady paying jobs and a better life in European countries, and these citizens are deceived by these promises and are won over. Subscribe to our mailing list and get interesting stuff and updates to your email inbox. H 0 2: human trafficking does not have any effect on the economic growth of Nigeria. Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation/slavery, forced labour, forced marriage, rituals, etcetera. For more information, please email info@pathfindersji.org. Stigmatization is another adverse effect of human trafficking. Most rescued victims from NAPTIP’s 2019 Report remain from Edo State, with Imo and Delta States following. Elechi, J. N. (November 2012). It is noteworthy that since the Oba of Benin’s pronouncement, the introduction of the Edo State law and the Task Force’s efforts, international donor efforts targeting the reduction of trafficking in Edo State and the European Union’s  (EU) externalization policies of border control and accompanying legislative wall, traffickers are pushing the trade underground and/or recruiting naive victims from other States, including Kogi, Ondo, Bayelsa and Calabar. Many are also taught the use of weapons and are recruited as ‘soldiers’ in armed conflicts. google_ad_slot = "8444795376"; According to the United Nations, the smuggling route from East, North and West Africa to Europe is said to generate $150 million in annual profits ( $35 billion globally). Effects of human trafficking in Nigeria Human trafficking has adverse effects on the individual and nations involved. According to the US State Department’s 2020 TIP Report, NAPTIP received 943 cases for investigation, completed 210 investigations, prosecuted at least 64 suspects in 64 cases, and convicted 27 traffickers, compared with receiving 938 cases for investigation, completing 192 investigations, 64 prosecutions, and 43 convictions in the previous reporting period. We also believe that the fight against sex trafficking requires an interdisciplinary approach that utilizes a combined human rights, cognitive/behavior restructuring and an economic development methodology. 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In fact, a 2003 United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute Report concluded that “virtually every Benin family has one member or the other involved in trafficking either as a victim, sponsor, madam or trafficker.”  The souls and bodies of survivors are turned into commodities for financial gain while the survivors themselves are held in debt bondage, severely abused (often gang raped and physically assaulted), starved, tortured or infected with various sexually transmitted diseases before being deported back to Nigeria. United Kingdom: European Refugee Fund. A total of 42,517 victims (almost double the previous year- 24,407) were identified. Some family members may even sell the younger ones under their care to human traffickers without their consent. • Human trafficking is a high profit, low risk business which allows traffickers to generally operate with impunity. Also, in most nations ridden by insurgency and terrorism like Nigeria, terrorist groups might abduct women and children during raids and attacks, and these women and children are subjected to inhumane jobs in terrorist camps like sex slavery, and could sometimes be commercially sold to other human traffickers. It also discusses the effects of women and children trafficking on the victims of human trafficking and the society at large. This paper presents the causes and consequences of the trafficking of women from Nigeria to America and Europe. They’re subjected to harsh inhumane working conditions, as sometimes, in a day, they’re made to engage in sexual activities with a countless number of men. This study identifies the major causes of child trafficking that stand as a bottleneck in Nigeria. However, it is undisputed that principally due to Nigeria’s population, Nigeria is routinely listed as one of the countries with the largest number of trafficking victims overseas (particularly in Europe), with victims identified in 34 countries in four regions in 2018. Majority of these men, sometimes, refuse to use protection on these women and girls, and this carelessness results in STDs and STIs. google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9755093768544960"; google_ad_slot = "9979770738"; But for the purpose of synthesis, we would like to organize our ideas around, on the one hand, the socio-economic causes and consequences and, on the other hand, the politico-institutional causes and Impact Of Human Trafficking In Nigeria. According to IOM, in July 2018, over 60,000 Nigerians remained trapped in Libya, with 50% of them hailing from Edo State. Trafficked persons are smuggled into these European countries as illegal immigrants, and not as registered citizens, and thus, there’s an increase in population growth, and this eventually affects a country’s development. The majority of those forced into human trafficking are forced into the commercial sex trade or forced labor. Fighting the menace requires a coordinated and concerted push from all stakeholders. According to the same Report, most reported male victims of trafficking are age 11 and under, with most female victims (the overwhelming majority of identified victims in Nigeria) being over 18 years of age. Human trafficking poses detrimental economic and social consequences in Nigeria. Based on current knowledge (Out, 2003), Nigeria is a major supplier, consumer and also a transit route for human trafficking. By definition, child trafficking involves agents for the illegal movement of human beings for illicit commercial and business dealings. There have been several cases of traffickers losing their life to this act. Download Undergraduate Projects Topics and Materials Accounting, Economics, Education IOM estimates that 80% of these young women arriving from Nigeria – whose numbers have soared from 1,454 in 2014 to 11,009 in 2016 – will likely be forced into prostitution as sex trafficking victims. Human trafficking is one of the fastest-growing activities of transnational criminal organizations. Also, the Federal government should put in an extra intensive effort to ensure the return and rehabilitation of person’s that have been forced outside the country through the illegal activities of human traffickers. Human Trafficking of Nigerian Women to Europe. Also, trafficked persons may also be influenced by greed, and as such, would do anything to “make it” in life, even going as far as selling their bodies as sex workers in European countries. Children ) are often viewed as objects that can be sold vulnerability and expert. 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