It was in this period that he produced, His studies of termites led him to the conclusion that the colony should be considered as a single organism. “But I learned the innermost secrets of their lives. Marais was isolated in some of his beliefs. ), Social life of early Man. The Soul of the White Ant was brought under the attention of the world only by being seemingly plagiarised by a Belgian Nobel prize laureate, Maurice Maeterlinck. ), Social life of early Man. To the high edge of the lands, Moreover, the more welcome for having been thought lost forever.Nevertheless, there should have been more, the work should have been finished, it could and should have been rounded off with so much more of the fruits of Marais’ copious fieldwork and his extraordinarily clear insight. The conclusions to which he came were new and radical and might well have had an influence in Europe. The name of Eugène Marais, pioneering ethologist, was not mentioned. ’Social behavior of Baboons and early man.’ In Washburn JL (Ed. “But I learned the innermost secrets of their lives. “The publishers in South Africa started crying to high heaven and endeavoured to induce me to take legal action in Europe, a step for which I possessed neither the means nor inclination. It was published posthumously years later. “But I learned the innermost secrets of their lives. “I think that I can prove that Freud’s entire conception is based on a fabric of fallacy. Listen online or offline with Android, iOS, web, Chromecast, and Google Assistant. Introduction by Keith Addison . They are among the most important groups of animals on land because they play a vital role in breaking down dead plant material. With his phyletic memory and his causal memory, he described two psychic forces cleanly and with sufficient definition to permit his investigation of the evolutionary origins of the conscious and unconscious minds.” (Marais, 1989:44-46) The planned companion volume on the psyche of the baboon, The Soul of the Ape, was never finished. ’Social behavior of Baboons and early man.’ In Washburn JL (Ed. Narrated by David Major. Like the lilt of a lovelorn lass who's been wronged Along with J.H.H. [1] See: [2] Tinbergen was the Dutch-born British zoologist and ethologist (specialist in animal behaviour) who, with Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1973. However, Marais was half a hemisphere away, half a century too soon and writing in a language no one could understand. He was a scholar and a man of culture. The book is still highly readable nonetheless. “Phyletic memory is Marais’ term for what we should call instinct. You will be surprised to learn of the dim and remote regions of the mind into which it led me. Although Marais is remembered by South Africans more for his contribution to Afrikaans literature than for science, he has been described as being a scientist far ahead of his time. He described natural mechanisms and systems that were not identified by mainstream science until forty years later (pheromones), and neither science nor society has yet caught up with many of his findings and conclusions. Maybe before his death he told his son that, or maybe the son decided it for himself. PDF | The article gives a brief ‘idea history’ of Hesperian melancholy a.k.a. Eugene has 5 jobs listed on their profile. It is inherent in life; like most natural phenomena it is polarised, there is a negative and a positive pole. ), Social life of early Man. Decoding of the Lao-zi (Dao-De Jing): Numerological Resonanc, All Eugène Nielen Marais[1] (1871-1936) was a South African lawyer, naturalist, poet, and writer. A further work summing up and integrating his findings and conclusions in the two branches of his investigations should have followed, but it did not. With his phyletic memory and his causal memory, he described two psychic forces cleanly and with sufficient definition to permit his investigation of the evolutionary origins of the conscious and unconscious minds.” (Marais, 1989:44-46). It is alleged that Maeterlinck had come across Eugene Marais' series of articles, and that it would have been easy for Maeterlinck to translate from Afrikaans to French, since Maeterlinck knew Dutch and had already made several translations from Dutch into French before. It was in this period that he produced My Friends the Baboons and provided the major inspiration for The Soul of the Ape. The Marais of The Soul of the White Ant is a charming and engaging fellow, a thoroughly good companion, but in The Soul of the Ape another Marais seems occasionally to intrude, perhaps the ‘sombre side’ his friends sometimes alluded to, that his children friends never saw in their Pied Piper. Although Marais could not have known it, he was anticipating some of the ideas of Richard Dawkins (1941- ). It is a flawed work, and Marais knew it, as his letters make clear. “I think that I can prove that Freud’s entire conception is based on a fabric of fallacy. Maybe it had to be approached with a sense of joy in nature that Marais could no longer muster. are the grass plumes stirring Several excerpts were published in Afrikaans, but the book itself never appeared. Within the terminary lives the society, with its castes and its ranks, in countless numbers. 1962. Moreover, the more welcome for having been thought lost forever.Nevertheless, there should have been more, the work should have been finished, it could and should have been rounded off with so much more of the fruits of Marais’ copious fieldwork and his extraordinarily clear insight. Slight wear to cover edges. In the Waterberg, Marais also studied the black mamba, spitting cobra and puff adder. The Marais of The Soul of the White Ant is a charming and engaging fellow, a thoroughly good companion, but in The Soul of the Ape another Marais seems occasionally to intrude, perhaps the ‘sombre side’ his friends sometimes alluded to, that his children friends never saw in their Pied Piper. New on FdM. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read The Soul of the Ape and My Friends the Baboons. [Brief] 1937 Sept. 30, Posbus 3, Brits Tvl. He even committed the faux pas of taking certain Latin scientific words invented by me to be current and generally accepted Latin terms. In any case, Maeterlinck, like other great ones on Olympus, maintained a mighty and dignified silence.” Marais took legal action against Maeterlinck but gained little satisfaction. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. There is also unevenness to it, and in the sense, that informs it. He is known for his Afrikaans poetry as well as for books about nature. It is a flawed work, and Marais knew it, as his letters make clear. Whereas ant workers are all females, in termites, workers can be both male and female. Thirteen years later, in 1961, Washburn and De Vore[3] published a lengthy article, ‘The Social Life of Baboons’, in the Scientific American. who loved but in vain. (EB) Von Frisch, Lorenz and Tinbergen shared the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology for having opened a new field of science, ethology. Although Marais is remembered by South Africans more for his contribution to Afrikaans literature than for science, he has been described as being a scientist far ahead of his time. Marais published his conclusions about termites as a series of speculative articles, written entirely in Afrikaans and appearing only in local newspapers, as The Soul of the White Ant. “Phyletic memory is Marais’ term for what we should call instinct. So uncertain was their affection that I had always to go armed with a Mauser automatic under the left armpit like the American gangster! But we must recall that Freud too used hypnosis as a technique in his discovery of the unconscious mind. Soon after Marais’ death in 1936, Dr Winifred de Kok wrote to Marais’ son asking about his father’s papers, and especially about the manuscript of the unfinished and unpublished The Soul of the Ape, which Marais had discussed with her a few months before his death. You will be surprised to learn of the dim and remote regions of the mind into which it led me. When asked why he took drugs, he variously pleaded ill health, insomnia and, later, the death of his young wife as a result of the birth of his only child. Marais made no direct contribution to entomology, but his ghost continues to haunt the discipline. Preller, he was a leading light in the Second Afrikaans Language Movement in the period immediately after the Second Boer War, which ended in 1902. “All animals, large and small, possess some mechanism feeling pain, and this pain always acts as a safeguard against death.” (Eugène Marais, The Soul of the White Ant, 1989:261) Marais’ pain could not save him; in 1936, Eugene Marais killed himself with a shotgun on a farm near Pretoria. “What protects animals, what enables them to continue living, what assures the propagation of race? Featured Book “And the story of psychic evolution has been the gradual ascendancy of causal memory over phyletic. Natural selection, therefore, had the tendency to both localise and specialise species. There is also unevenness to it, and in the sense, that informs it. “Marais, it seems to me, has provided us with a superior term for the quality in life, which if we cannot explain, we still cannot deny. Marais, Eugène N. (Eugène Nielen), 1871-1936. View Eugene Marais’ profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. But we must recall that Freud too used hypnosis as a technique in his discovery of the unconscious mind. “I followed them on their daily excursions; slept among them; fed them night and morning on mealies (corn); learned to know each one individually; taught them to trust and to love me – and also, to hate me so vehemently that my life was several times in danger. A further work summing up and integrating his findings and conclusions in the two branches of his investigations should have followed, but it did not. Much of his early education was in English, as were his earliest poems. bright dewdrop takes hold EUGÈNE Marais was a South African poet, a story-teller, a journalist, a lawyer, a psychologist, a natural scientist, a drug-addict, and a great genius -- an abused and forgotten genius, and the world is the worse off for that. But we must recall that Freud too used hypnosis as a technique in his discovery of the unconscious mind. Maeterlinck was as a consequence one of the few people in Europe who had read Marais’ original texts. Thirteen years later, in 1961, Washburn and De Vore[3] published a lengthy article, ‘The Social Life of Baboons’, in the Scientific American. Historia, 48, 2, November 2003, pp 66-87. This attribute may be called the saving attribute of life; and it is here where one comes closest to what appears like a common purpose beyond nature.” (Eugène Marais, The Soul of the White Ant, 1989:261) Eugène Nielen Marais[1] (1871-1936) was a South African lawyer, naturalist, poet, and writer. In both fields, his findings were revolutionary. His "Winternag" was used as a symbol of the impact of Afrikaans writing. In some chapters there is not a sentence but would have clamoured for these; and the letterpress would have been swallowed up by vast masses of comment, like one of those dreadful books we hated so much at school. History, 19th Century; Poetry as Topic* Science/history; South Africa; Personal Name as Subject. Whereas ant workers are all females, in termites, workers can be both male and female. Eugène Marais FLEURSDUMAL POETRY LIBRARY - classic, modern, experimental & visual & sound poetry, poetry in translation, city poets, poetry archive, pre-raphaelites, editor's choice, etc. as wide as God's merciful boon Marais’ point is indisputable: his picture of the termitary is startlingly original, it could not possibly have been hypothesised or inferred without a great deal of original research, at the very least – and yet there it is in Maeterlinck’s book.Yet it is impossible to ignore the fact that Marais’ work is revolutionary, especially if one takes into account the time and place in which it was written. He was a self-confessed pantheist and claimed that the only time he entered a church was for weddings. If so, much of the blame for that is to be laid at the door of Maurice Maeterlinck, plagiarist, who left nothing remotely comparable in his own work by way of compensation. You must understand that it was not merely plagiarism of the spirit of a thing, so to speak. So uncertain was their affection that I had always to go armed with a Mauser automatic under the left armpit like the American gangster! “Phyletic memory is Marais’ term for what we should call instinct. With his phyletic memory and his causal memory, he described two psychic forces cleanly and with sufficient definition to permit his investigation of the evolutionary origins of the conscious and unconscious minds.” (Marais, 1989:44-46) The planned companion volume on the psyche of the baboon, The Soul of the Ape, was never finished. This hospital, which is situated close to the city centre of Pretoria, provides treatment and care of an exceptional standard to a wide range of patients, whether they need routine or more serious procedures. London: Methuen. He withdrew to a lonely life on a Waterberg farm, north of … ’Social behavior of Baboons and early man.’ In Washburn JL (Ed. His book Die Siel van die Mier (The Soul of the Ant, but usually given in English as The Soul of the White Ant) was plagiarised by Nobel Laureate Maurice Maeterlinck, who published The Life of the White Ant in 1926, falsely claiming many of Marais’ revolutionary ideas as his own. Causal memory is the conscious portion, the learned portion, the portion springing from experiences within the baboon’s lifetime. (EB) Von Frisch, Lorenz and Tinbergen shared the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology for having opened a new field of science, ethology. Several excerpts were published in Afrikaans, but the book itself never appeared. The press in South Africa, however, quite valorously waved the cudgels in my behalf. Termites are social insects and are most closely related to the cockroaches with which they share a close common ancestor (?). Termitaries, as one sees them so frequently in Central and Southern Africa, are tall, compacted columns of earth sometimes four to five metres high. He concluded secondly that the actions within the termitary were completely, instinctive. 1962. The name of Eugène Marais, pioneering ethologist, was not mentioned. Marais began writing Soul of the Ape in 1916, but never finished it. You will be surprised to learn of the dim and remote regions of the mind into which it led me. ’Social behavior of Baboons and early man.’ In Washburn JL (Ed. 66 “An Irritating Pebble in Kruger’s Shoe” – Eugène Marais and Land en Volk in the ZAR, 1891 - 1896 Sandra Swart* Bravo Land en Volk!Bravo editor of that newspaper! It is a flawed work, and Marais knew it, as his letters make clear. This attribute may be called the saving attribute of life; and it is here where one comes closest to what appears like a common purpose beyond nature.” (Eugène Marais, The Soul of the White Ant, 1989:261) Eugène Nielen Marais[1] (1871-1936) was a South African lawyer, naturalist, poet, and writer. And bright in the dim-light “All animals, large and small, possess some mechanism feeling pain, and this pain always acts as a safeguard against death.” (Eugène Marais, The Soul of the White Ant, 1989:261) Marais’ pain could not save him; in 1936, Eugene Marais killed himself with a shotgun on a farm near Pretoria. He was a poet, an advocate, a journalist, a story-teller, a drug-addict, a psychologist, a natural scientist.” In 1910, he abandoned his law practice and retreated to the remote Waterberg (‘Water Mountain’) – the mountain area north-west of Pretoria. 1962. One flaw is that it is definitely not finished – suddenly it just stops. [Article in Afrikaans] [No authors listed] PMID: 4573156 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Biography; Historical Article; MeSH Terms. He followed two parallel paths, the study of the animals most like humans, the primates, and the study of creatures that could hardly be more alien to us, the social insects – termites, known in his day as white ants. Several excerpts were published in Afrikaans, but the book itself never appeared. O East-wind gives mournful measure to song So uncertain was their affection that I had always to go armed with a Mauser automatic under the left armpit like the American gangster! ), Social life of early Man. “Marais, it seems to me, has provided us with a superior term for the quality in life, which if we cannot explain, we still cannot deny. [7] Ardrey said in his introduction to The Soul of the Ape, published in 1969, that 'As a scientist he was unique, supreme in his time, yet a worker in a science unborn.' The Soul of the Ape and My Friends the Baboons - Ebook written by Eugene Marais. Within the terminary lives the society, with its castes and its ranks, in countless numbers. “And the story of psychic evolution has been the gradual ascendancy of causal memory over phyletic. With his phyletic memory and his causal memory, he described two psychic forces cleanly and with sufficient definition to permit his investigation of the evolutionary origins of the conscious and unconscious minds.” (Marais, 1989:44-46) The planned companion volume on the psyche of the baboon, The Soul of the Ape, was never finished. About us. “Marais, it seems to me, has provided us with a superior term for the quality in life, which if we cannot explain, we still cannot deny. The press in South Africa, however, quite valorously waved the cudgels in my behalf. "Those who don't know history are destined to repeat it." One drop of dew glistens as vast as God's mercy has bade, ’Social behavior of Baboons and early man.’ In Washburn JL (Ed. In 1926, one year after Die Huisgenoot published Marais’ article, Maeterlinck stole Marais’ work and published it under his own name, without acknowledgement, in a book titled The Life of the White Ant, first published in French and soon afterwards in English and several other languages. Eugene Nielen Marais began writing at a very young age. I think I discovered the real place in nature of the hypnotic condition in the lower animals and men. [3] See also: Washburn, JL & De Vore, I. His studies of termites led him to the conclusion that the colony should be considered as a single organism. Marais’ work and his findings shine through – and profound they are, as pertinent today as they were then, or more so. No man can ever attain to anywhere near a true conception of the subconscious in man who does not know the primates under natural conditions.”. They have symbiotic flagellates or bacteria in their hindguts that are able to break down plant cellulose to a digestible form and in the subfamily Macrotermitinae the termites culture and eat fungi in their nests using dead plant material. The book is still highly readable nonetheless. He did so on the farm Pelindaba, belonging to his friend Gustav Preller. Soon after Marais’ death in 1936, Dr Winifred de Kok wrote to Marais’ son asking about his father’s papers, and especially about the manuscript of the unfinished and unpublished The Soul of the Ape, which Marais had discussed with her a few months before his death. But we must recall that Freud too used hypnosis as a technique in his discovery of the unconscious mind. She was beginning her English translation of The Soul of the White Ant, “You must understand that it was a theory which was not only new to science but which no man born of woman could have arrived at without a knowledge of all the facts on which it was based; and these Maeterlinck quite obviously did not possess. You will be surprised to learn of the dim and remote regions of the mind into which it led me. When the Boer War broke out in 1899, he was put on parole as an enemy alien in London. In 1901, he had written The Life of the Bee, a mixture of natural history and philosophy, but he was a dramatist and a poet, not a scientist. En blink in die dof-lig en kaal, so wyd as die Heer se genade, lê die velde in sterlig en skade, En hoog in die rande, versprei in die brande, is die grassaad aan roere, soos winkende hande. Several excerpts were published in Afrikaans, but the book itself never appeared. Share AD with your friends | Their observations and the insights Marais gained from them formed the basis of a serious work later to be called The Soul of the Ape. Those species best able to adapt to their specific environment survived, while those not able to, would become extinct. While termites were instinctive, the mind of baboons was based on ‘causal memory’. 1962. “Maeterlinck’s guilt is clear”, Ardrey wrote. He developed a fresh and radically different view of how a termite colony works, and indeed, of what a termite colony is. “I followed them on their daily excursions; slept among them; fed them night and morning on mealies (corn); learned to know each one individually; taught them to trust and to love me – and also, to hate me so vehemently that my life was several times in danger. 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